Amatunko yamo aya kushininkisha ubusuma bwakonkana ubwalinga
ukufuma ku mfwa iyafupikwa mu mupashi
Intanshi:
Pa mulandu wa kuti ifipe fya ku Ni-Shikulu fibikamo ukupanga inshila iisuma iyakubomfya amashini ayakuumishishamo aya petroli ayakwata ifyakulya nga cakuti kuti yacitika inshita itali, kabili iyakwata amaka yakukongama aya rpm, ukutenta no kupindulula inshita ya 8} abapanga ubukulu bwafiko {2} {3} kwata amenshi ya mubili ukufika ku mpela.
Mukupanga amafoni ayakuumishishamo nangu ukukuukila ku bapeela indalama ishinono, amashini yakubikamo amashini ayabomfiwa sana ayabomfya amafamu ayapiipi aya 300mm ukwabula ukukopa amenshi-2} Ukukongama pa mipangilwe ya fipe ifinono, maka maka ku mpela ya fipe pa mulandu wa bwangu bwangu(3}} Iciputulwa ca nshita ica koca, ukupalamina ku maka ya cimuti, ukupalamina ku mpela ya cimuti, ukupalamina ku mpela ya cimuti, ukupalamina ku mpela ya cimuti, ukupalamina ku mpela ya cimuti, ukupalamina kuli 5.
Pa kuti ifintu fibe bwino kabili fyali no kukonkana kwa fipimo ifinono ifya fipe ifipangwa ukufuma ku fipe fya musango yo, ukufuma ku mpela imo ukufika ku mpela imbi, amafunde yamo ayayanguka yafwile ukukonkwa mu kulungatika mu nshila ya kupanga.
Ukupekanya kwa mu kati:
Bikeni ifipe ifibikwamo:
Iciputulwa cikalamba ica Nickel muli ici cipe cilefwaya no kusunguluka bwino no kusankanya icifulo ca maka ayalinga(0}} Icalinga nga nshi kuli ici cishinka ca kuti imiku ya ku numa iya Kusansa kwa Kusansa kwa500-K kabili kuti cawama {2}KAg{3}.
Ifyakubikamo ifyabikwamo fifwile ukuba ifya busaka bwalinga(ifimo, Vibi, Ti na W fifwile ukusungwa ku fishibilo fyabikwamo[11)} Amacenjelo ya makwebo: Amacebo ayengi aya makwebo yalikwata Momo na T[2}} Kuti caba icayanguka ukuti ifi fintu fifwile ukukonkwa mu cipimo cakonkapo:
Mo > 0.05%
Ti > 0.04%
W> 0.02%
V > 0.02%
Iciputulwa ca fipe ni ntulo ya fintu ifishingaishibikwa mu fipe ifishingaishibikwa mu fipe fya Ni-fifikilishisha[1 10% ifya cimuti fifwile fye ukufika kuli 10% iya malipilo nga fintu cingacitika kabili intulo yaishibikwa kabili iya kupanga{3}}.
Imiti ne fibashi nafyo fifwile ukusungwa ifinono nga nshi, nga ca kuti te kuti ficingililwe fyonse .{Ici. Cilafwaikwa ukucefyako ifi ku cipimo ca 60% kabili cifwile ukuba icauma no kusangulula[2}}Ukusankanya ifipe mu kulingana mu kusunguluka kwakosa kwalyafya[00 {00} ukuloba kwa fintu fimo ukufuma ku fipe fyakulisha kabili kuli ubusanso bwa mwela na thyrogen ukupoosa mu fipe, fyonse fibili ifitungilila amagrafu ayabipa na ayabipa / ayafiita / ayafiita}.
Sulfriu mu kusunguluka kwalicindama mu cipimo icacepa[0 {000, cifwile ukusungwa mupepi na 0 {2 266% pa kusanga ubukose bwafwaikwa(3 {3} yulter buleta amafya ku ciputulwa icinono.
Icisuma ca Carbon:
Iciputulwa ca Carbon ( CE ) caishibikwa ukuba icipimo icacindama ica fipe fya kupangapo ifipepala fya kupangafimbilemo[00}} Ici cishinka cilabomba umulimo ukalamba mu musango wa mipangilwe iinono iyapangilwe mu kusankanya[1}} Cipalamine ku cipimo ca kucincimusha, ico mu kupilibula citungululwa ne fiputulwa fya fipimo ne fipimo fya mucinshi.
The general convention is to compute the CE value according to the Volume/Surface (V/S) ratio of a casting. For 3-dimensional castings, which are of varying cross-sections, this is very difficult. The centrifugal pots, though 3-dimensional, are however of symmetrical section throughout the length and hence V/S can be calculated for ifi nga fintu cilangishiwa muli iyi inshila:
Ukulungatika / Icifulo ca Cifulo ca Muulu V/S
V/S = ( D2 - d2 ) H / 4 ( DH + dH + ( D2 - d2 ) / 2 )
Ni kwi, D=ubutali bwa kunse ( OD ) ubwa Pat wa Pakati
d {{0 {0 Umupaka wa mukati ( I{{11}}DNDAD} ) ) iya Cifulo ca Kusansabika
H {Ici= Ubutali bwa Cifulo ca Kucingilila
Icintu icisuma ku cifulo cakutambishishamo ifya kunwa kuti caba Umukondo wa Luse, ifyo bapeelwa kuli iyi fomula:
Ukufumyapo Ubushininkisho Sc :
;
apo, C, Si na Ni e mibele ya cine cine mu bukulu-%
Pa lwa kubomfya kwesu umutengo walinga uwa S .c = 0,80 - 0,95
Ukubika umulingo wa CE pa muputule wa mulilo kukalenga ukukongama ukwakosa kabili ukwa bwangu pa lwa carbon na Siltani ifyaba mu cimuti ilyo bashilabika ifipe(0}}}
Icisuma ica C, Si na Mn panuma ya kucemena:
Carbon: 2.70 – 2.80%
Silaiti: 2.10 – 2.20%
Ubuteko: 1.20 – 1.30%
Ukupanga:
Cili icacindama ukubika umusonko mu cikuulwa ca ndeke ku kusakanisha kwakulisha ukwa cipimo cikalamba ica Nickel no mukuba mu fipe fya Ni-Ifyakufwailako(1Ifyakubikapo} Ifyakubikamo ifyakubikamo ifyakufwaya ni pakubala pakubala 50% iya cimuti, kabili ilyo ifyumbu, kabili ilyo indalama sha kusunguluka, Ibwishi bwakusunguluka, no kusunguluka pa muulu, mu kupelako, kabili mu ciputulwa ca nshita, ica kusunguluka, ica kusunguluka, ica kusunguluka, ica kusunguluka, ica kusunguluka, ica kusunguluka, ica kusunguluka, ica kusunguluka. Iron{5 }}
Cabon ilingile ukusungwa pa kutendeka ukusamba pa { 6 {15 –9%, Inkonto pa 1.15 –2%, Mn pa 1.2 – 1.25
Umulimo wa Cikumi ca Mipeto:
Pa kushininkisha ukuti ififulo fyalinga ifya kusunguluka mu kusunguluka, SiC alabomba umulimo ukalamba[000) Eico SiC afwile ukupanga iciputulwa ca kupenda kwa kubalilapo ukwa kupanga ifya kufwala fya kufwala(22}} Kabili ukucilapo ukulundako kwa SiC kulafwaikwa ilyo fye ukusunguluka kwakulisha, lintu umubili wa cifuba tauceeceetelwa no kusuminishiwa; kabili na kabili pa numa ya cila nsondwelela panono, pa kuti ukufumyapo kwa carbon kwalipilwa(4}} Ici kuti cakwafwilisha ukushininkisha imipaka ya carbon kabili eico CE iyalinga nga nshi kabili iyacepa(5}}
Iciputulwa ca SiC icasuminishiwa mu kupanga kwa musonko ni 0 { {2 215% iya malipilo yonse pamo na ifintu ifyafumiishiwapo pa mulandu wabikwa pa mulandu wa. Uku kulundapo kwapendelwe mu cipe ca kupanga ica kulipila ku cakulya ca susen kabili ica cipe ca 60} Pa numa ya kusunguluka kwa 140C, umuti wa 140, }, umuti wa kuceeceetelwa na kabili ulasuminishiwa. na kabili 0.1% SiC ilalundwako kabili apo pene icikuulwa ca mulilo ciletwa ku cifulo conse kabili ukusunguluka kwapya nga nshi ku kutenta kwa mulimo (mu cituntulu 1480-150 C, ukulingana no kucepa kwa mucinshi ukwasuminishiwa pa nshita iyo ukupongolwela kwapwa ukufuma kuli cila citalawe), no kutentemukila mu kutendeka bwino bwino.
Addition of SiC must be done also at regular intervals during the pouring cycle for replenishing the carbon losses. In order to assess the exact requirement of quantity and timing of SiC additions for a given melting set-up and operating conditions, it is best to run several closely monitored heats for carbon drop with time. In a continuing production mode, checking the carbon content in each ladle tapped will give sufficient data to determine when the carbon yacepako ukucila pali 0 {4{455% pa nshita iyo impendwa iyapendelwe iya SiC ifwile ukulundwako ku cipe no kusuminishiwa ukubomba amaminiti ayanono ilyo bacili tabatendeke ukupoka.
Ukususha no kusunga:
Before any ladle is deployed to the production area it should be thoroughly heated so that the lining is fully dry and as hot as possible with the torch flame used. The final heating at start of shift and after a break is to be done by reladling with the molten metal from the furnace. More than one reladling may be necessary to bring the ladle to the minimum required temperature of 750C before metal is tapped for bomfyeni{3}} Icipimilo ca kulanshanya cifwile ukubomfiwa ku kushininkisha ukuti ukutenta kwalinga(4}}}
Mukumona, ifipe ifikulu ifya Ni ifya kuibika mu kuibika mu{{11}} kanshi ku fiputulwa fyesu ifya fiputulwa fya pakati na ifikomo ifyakosa pa mipangilwe iinono, cilafwaikwa kabili cikabilwa ukupanga ubukose mupepi ne nshita ya kupoosa_2} Iciputulwa ca nshita ica kupendelamo ica Sireti na Sirtes) icabikwa pa cipimo ca pa muulu ica Sirt. 0{7}}20 ukufika kuli 0{8}}25 % Si ukubuula- ukuya mu mulu. Cili bwino ukukanabomfya abashikwata ifyuma ifyaishibikwa nga nshi muli ifi fintu pa mulandu wa kukansana ukupitila mu Stormmpom.
Ukuleta impanga ishinono kuti kwaafwa imipangile yesu iyacepa_} Amaka ya kubomfya AYA KU NTANDA, no kuyengesa, kuti yafwailishiwa(11.
Kabili ubukulu bwa Nickel-Magile yatendeke no wa ku nse kuti bwakwata amaka ayasuma nga nshi pa kucingililwa ku graph iyapya(1{1}}
Dees:
Ukupanga:
Ukukongama kwa menshi ukwakonkwa kuli bwino ukushininkisha ukutenta kwa mubili ukwalinga ukufuma ku mpela imo ukufika kuli imbi(11)} Eico nga ukuleta amenshi ya kutonsha kwa menshi, esheniko ukutonsha umupashi uwatonta nga ca kuti umulopa wali mupepi ne jaketi iyalinga iya pa ntanshi kabili iyapya iyafuma ku numa ya {amayanda.
Apo ubu bwafya bwakucingililwa bwashintilila sana pa fyakubikapo ifya ku numa kuti cawama ukusambilila ifyakupangapanga ifya ku numa no kwishiba ukuputula ukwacepa ukwakabilwa ku kushininkisha ukuti ifipe fye ifisuma ifyabikwa mu fipe fyakupanga[1 1000 ilingi line fyakwata ifya kulya fya mubili ifya 300mm ilingi line ifya 300mm ilingi line ifyaputulwa ifya 8 CT 50.
Mu nshita itali ubutali bwa fipe bufwile ukukulishiwa na 30 – 35mm ukupitila mu kupanga ifipe fipya ifya ku numa(2 {2} Ici kuti calenga ukuputulwa ukukalamba ukwabula ukubika amano ku mpendwa ya fipe ifyabikwa ukufuma pa cipe cimo na cimo icaputulwa ukufuma ku cipe cimo na cimo.
Ubwasuko ubusuma buli mu kupanga cipya cipya ifi fifwa ku kutwala umupika wa 600 mm uwalepa apo ukupanga ifintu kwakulilako na kabili no kuputulwa kwa 50mm ku mpela ya ku numa(4}}
Ukucingililwa:
Iciputulwa cikalamba icafwa cibomfya ifipe fya kutukana ifyauma mu ID ifyo fibomba nga ukucingilila kabili umupaaka{0{0}} Kuli ifipe fya kucingililamo ifya menshi, ifyo kuti fyapeela ukucingililwa kusuma ku kusansabikamowele{11}}.
Na kabili kuti cawama ukubika ku ntanshi kabili, nga ca kutila kuti cacitika, ifya ku numa ifya mfwa(0}}
ID ya pa muulu wa cifwa tayafwile ukuba pe samba lya 300C inshita iili yonse mu nshita ya kupanga iya kwafwilishakwete{11}} Icipimilo ca kulanshanya cifwile ukuba icayanguka kuli cilafwa pa kushininkisha ici[2.
Pa kutendeka kwa ciputulwa cimo na cimo kabili pa numa ya kupuusha konse, ifipe 1 nelyo ukucilapo ifya mupepo fifwile ukupongolwelwa nga fintu cilekabilwa ku kushininkisha ukuti ukutenta kwa mfwa pa ID kuli pa muulu wa 300C.
Ilyo ukupanga kwatwalilila, ukutenta kwafwa kukakulilako panono panono no kusansabika pa 450 – 500 C{2} Uku e kutenta ukwalinga ku cipimo icinono, icatonta mu cifyalilwa cilafwa..
Ifyalembwa:
Cili icacindama ukuloleshapo lyonse pa fipimo fyonse no kusunga ifyalembwa ifisuma kabili ifyalungama{0}}
Mu nshita sha kukuula, na kabili kuti na kabili casunga amarekodi ya carbon na silikoni kuli cila ciputulwa no kupanga ubupekanyo bwa SiC ubwalundwako ukufuma ku{0{0}}}
Ukukongama kwa mipangilwe ya fipimo ifinono kulingile ukucitwa ilingi line nga fintu cingacitika/ukufwaikwa pa ciputulwa ca kulekelesha icabikwamo ukufuma ku mpela ya ku numa iya cipe, ukufika ilyo ifipimo fya kupanga no kucefyako fyonse fyabikwa bwino bwino}}
